B. Rathinasabapathy is an ecologist with 37 years of experience in forest restoration, biodiversity conservation, and environmental education. He has led ecological projects across India, including the Western Ghats and urban eco-parks. His work focuses on afforestation, biodiversity monitoring, and conserving endangered species, also a recipient of the Jagannatha Rao Endowment Award in 2024, for conservation education.

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B. Rathinasabapathy

<h4 style="text-align:justify;">B. RATHINASABAPATHY, ecologist, Forests by Heartfulness (FBH), shares a heart-warming tale about a rare rainforest tree species that has been brought back from the brink. It gives us hope that with a little bit of care and concern, other extinctions can be prevented.&nbsp;&nbsp;</h4>&nbsp;“In the depths of Tamil Nadu's rainforests lies a tree so rare that it is represented by just three known specimens—the Palani Hill Rudraksha (Elaeocarpus blascoi).”The enigmatic Elaeocarpus blascoi, commonly referred to as the Palani Hill Rudraksha, is among the rarest known plant species on Earth. With its native habitat confined to the pristine rainforests of Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, at the southern tip of India, this critically endangered tree has intrigued botanists and conservationists alike. Today, only three known adult specimens exist: two on a private estate and one in the wild.<h4 style="text-align:justify;">A glimpse into the past</h4>Discovered in the 20th century, E. blascoi quickly gained attention for its rarity and ecological significance. Its survival has since been jeopardized by <a href="https://heartfulness.org/magazine/healing-our-planet-one-seed-at-a-time-world-environment-day-2024" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">deforestation</a>, habitat fragmentation, and natural germination challenges. The seeds of E. blascoi often fail to thrive due to harsh environmental conditions, including soil erosion and water runoff that wash them out of the Dindigul Plain.<h4 style="text-align:justify;">A turning point: conservation initiatives</h4>In 2006, two saplings of E. blascoi, affectionately named Bob and Tanya, were planted to bolster the species’ survival. These saplings flourished, thanks to the dedicated efforts of conservationists, and symbolized the possibility of restoring the species.&nbsp;<figure class="image image_resized" style="width:75%;"><img src="https://cdn-prod-static.heartfulness.org/journey_conservation_hope2_28845064eb.webp" alt="journey-conservation-hope2.webp"></figure>&nbsp;The Heartfulness Institute took a decisive step in 2022 by launching a structured conservation program for E. blascoi. Recognizing the critical need to secure its future, the program adopted tissue culture techniques to propagate the species and ensure genetic diversity.At FBH, we understand that conserving E. blascoi goes beyond preserving a rare tree species. It’s a commitment to safeguarding biodiversity and maintaining ecological balance. Our multidisciplinary team has been working tirelessly to:<ul><li style="text-align:justify;">Develop propagation techniques: Tissue culture technology has emerged as a beacon of hope, allowing us to propagate E. blascoi under controlled conditions.</li><li style="text-align:justify;">Create suitable habitats: By mimicking the natural rainforest <a href="https://heartfulness.org/magazine/think-ecosystem" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ecosystem</a>, we aim to provide ideal growth conditions for young saplings.</li><li style="text-align:justify;">Engage the community: Awareness programs and educational initiatives are crucial for fostering a collective sense of responsibility toward conservation efforts.</li></ul><h4 style="text-align:justify;">Challenges and triumphs</h4>The journey of conserving E. blascoi is not without its challenges. The species’ natural germination rate is low, and ensuring successful transplantation requires meticulous care. Yet, each thriving sapling represents a victory for nature and humanity.&nbsp;<figure class="image"><img src="https://cdn-prod-static.heartfulness.org/journey_conservation_hope3_59fdb4db8a.webp" alt="journey-conservation-hope3.webp"></figure>&nbsp;In collaboration with global and local partners, we are witnessing the fruits of these efforts. The sight of birds and insects returning to habitats with E. blascoi reinforces the interconnectedness of life and the vital role this species plays in its <a href="https://heartfulness.org/magazine/a-journey-of-conservation-and-hope" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">ecosystem</a>.&nbsp;<figure class="image"><img src="https://cdn-prod-static.heartfulness.org/journey_conservation_hope4_c395cc90eb.webp" alt="journey-conservation-hope4.webp"></figure>&nbsp;<h4 style="text-align:justify;">A call to action</h4>The story of E. blascoi is a testament to the resilience of nature and the impact of human determination. As we strive to bring this species back from the brink, we invite individuals, institutions, and governments to join hands in conserving our natural heritage.Together, we can ensure that future generations marvel at the majestic Palani Hill Rudraksha, not as a relic of the past but as a thriving testament to our collective commitment to biodiversity conservation.“The survival of Elaeocarpus blascoi is more than a conservation effort; it is a symbol of humanity’s ability to restore what we have endangered. Let us act now for the future of this majestic tree, and the world it inhabits rests in our hands.”&nbsp;<figure class="image"><img src="https://cdn-prod-static.heartfulness.org/journey_conservation_hope5_4652a2d116.webp" alt="journey-conservation-hope5.webp"></figure> &nbsp;

A journey of conservation and hope

<h4 style="text-align:justify;">B. RATHINASABAPATHY is an ecologist who works at Forests by Heartfulness at Kanha Shanti Vanam. He shares some information on the various endemic Indian species of Syzygium that belong to the myrtle family, which has a distribution from Africa and Madagascar to southern Asia through to the Pacific. The most famous species is the clove, Syzygium aromaticum, native to Indonesia, but in this article he explores the widely celebrated Jamun tree and various other species that also have medicinal benefits.</h4>&nbsp;Jamun (Syzygium cumini), also known as black plum or Indian blackberry, is a revered fruit in India, celebrated for its nutritional, medicinal, and cultural significance. Native to the Indian subcontinent, it thrives in tropical and subtropical climates and is a favorite during the monsoon season. Its sweet-tart flavor, paired with its deep purple hue, makes it a prized fruit across the country.<h4 style="text-align:justify;">Diverse Jamun varieties in India</h4>India boasts a range of Jamun varieties, cultivated to suit regional climates and preferences. All Jamun in India fall under the species Syzygium cumini, but there are specific cultivars according to region, characteristics, and agricultural development, including:<ol style="list-style-type:decimal;"><li style="text-align:justify;">Rajamun: Known for its large size, deep purple skin, and small seed; widely cultivated in Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, and Maharashtra. Its juicy pulp and balanced sweetness make it highly sought after.</li><li style="text-align:justify;">Narendra Jamun: Developed by the Narendra Deva University of Agriculture and Technology in Faizabad; known for its high yield and resistance to diseases. It produces large fruits with a rich flavor.</li><li style="text-align:justify;">Jumbo Jamun: Produces oversized fruits with a high pulp-to-seed ratio. Popular in southern India for commercial cultivation.</li><li style="text-align:justify;">Seedless Jamun: A newer variety; seedless Jamun is gaining popularity among urban growers. It offers ease of consumption and is favored for its sweetness.</li><li style="text-align:justify;">Konkan Bahadoli: Native to the Konkan region; a medium-sized variety known for its intense flavor and adaptability to coastal climates.</li><li style="text-align:justify;">Chhattisgarh Jamun: Wild and semi-domesticated, smaller in size but rich in antioxidants, often used in traditional medicine.</li></ol><h4 style="text-align:justify;">Health benefits</h4>Jamun is a superfood packed with nutrients. It is rich in vitamin C, iron, potassium, and dietary fiber. The fruit is renowned for its ability to regulate blood sugar levels, making it a natural remedy for diabetes. Its seed powder is used in Ayurveda to improve digestion and manage sugar metabolism. Additionally, Jamun is beneficial for <a href="https://heartfulness.org/magazine/heart-health" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">heart health</a>, liver function, and skin rejuvenation.<h4 style="text-align:justify;">Other Syzygium species</h4>In addition to Jamun, there are other species of Syzygium endemic in India, especially the Western Ghats and Andaman Islands. They are both edible and medicinal.<ol style="list-style-type:decimal;"><li style="text-align:justify;">Syzygium cumini: Fruits treat diabetes, diarrhea, and digestive issues; seeds have hypoglycemic properties.</li><li style="text-align:justify;">S.palghatense: Edible fruits, antioxidant properties.</li><li style="text-align:justify;">S.singampattiana: Endemic, fruits are edible, medicinal value under study.</li><li style="text-align:justify;">S.jambos: Rose apple used for digestive issues and inflammation.</li><li style="text-align:justify;">S.malaccense: Malay apple aids digestion and boosts immunity.</li><li style="text-align:justify;">S.zeylanicum: Antimicrobial properties; bark and leaves used medicinally.</li><li style="text-align:justify;">S.travancoricum: Endangered; fruits edible, antimicrobial use.</li><li style="text-align:justify;">S.caryophyllatum: Edible fruits, antioxidant-rich, treats infections.</li></ol>&nbsp;<figure class="image image_resized" style="width:50%;"><img src="https://cdn-prod-static.heartfulness.org/rich_legacy_taste_health2_6655e3c512.webp" alt="rich-legacy-taste-health2.webp" srcset="https://cdn-prod-static.heartfulness.org/thumbnail_rich_legacy_taste_health2_6655e3c512.webp 234w,https://cdn-prod-static.heartfulness.org/small_rich_legacy_taste_health2_6655e3c512.webp 500w,https://cdn-prod-static.heartfulness.org/medium_rich_legacy_taste_health2_6655e3c512.webp 750w," sizes="100vw"><figcaption>Syzygium cumini</figcaption></figure>&nbsp;All these species possess rich antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties and are widely used in traditional medicine. And all the species are present at Kanha Shanti Vanam. The last two, previously endangered, were propagated through the tissue culture laboratory at the Heartfulness Tree Conservation Center, which focuses on generating, planting, and conserving rare, endangered, and medicinal plant species in diverse locations, ensuring their preservation and ecological impact.<h4 style="text-align:justify;">Cultural significance</h4>Jamun is deeply connected with Lord Krishna in Indian mythology. It is believed that the dark purple color of the fruit resembles Krishna’s skin tone. According to folklore, Krishna often rested under a Jamun tree while grazing cows in Vrindavan.&nbsp;<figure class="image image_resized" style="width:50%;"><img src="https://cdn-prod-static.heartfulness.org/rich_legacy_taste_health4_af7f98aabd.webp" alt="rich-legacy-taste-health4.webp" srcset="https://cdn-prod-static.heartfulness.org/thumbnail_rich_legacy_taste_health4_af7f98aabd.webp 126w,https://cdn-prod-static.heartfulness.org/small_rich_legacy_taste_health4_af7f98aabd.webp 405w," sizes="100vw"><figcaption>Syzygium singampattiana&nbsp; (Jungle guava)</figcaption></figure>&nbsp;One popular story involves Krishna climbing a Jamun tree to steal butter stored in earthen pots hanging from the branches. The playful association of Krishna with Jamun trees highlights his bond with nature and simple village life. Additionally, it is said that the tree provides shade and shelter, symbolizing Krishna’s protective and nurturing qualities.The Jamun tree holds deep spiritual significance. In Shaivism, it is considered sacred and often associated with Shiva temples, symbolizing tranquility and enlightenment. For Jains, the Jamun is revered as the site where the 9th and 13th Tirthankaras, Suvidhinath and Vimalnath, attained spiritual awakening. And the tree is connected with meditation as its serene shade fosters introspection and inner peace. The Jamun serves as a living symbol of meditation, transcendence, and union with the Divine. It is also a common feature in home gardens and community spaces, symbolizing abundance and vitality.&nbsp;<figure class="image image_resized" style="width:50%;"><img src="https://cdn-prod-static.heartfulness.org/rich_legacy_taste_health3_630e387aa3.webp" alt="rich-legacy-taste-health3.webp" srcset="https://cdn-prod-static.heartfulness.org/thumbnail_rich_legacy_taste_health3_630e387aa3.webp 208w,https://cdn-prod-static.heartfulness.org/small_rich_legacy_taste_health3_630e387aa3.webp 500w,https://cdn-prod-static.heartfulness.org/medium_rich_legacy_taste_health3_630e387aa3.webp 750w," sizes="100vw"><figcaption>Syzygium samaragense var alba</figcaption></figure><h4 style="text-align:justify;">Challenges and opportunities</h4>Jamun cultivation faces challenges like seasonal dependency, short shelf life, and lack of organized marketing. However, growing awareness of its health benefits has increased demand for products like Jamun juice, vinegar, and seed powder, offering immense potential for agribusiness.Jamun varieties in India reflect the nation’s agricultural richness and biodiversity. From traditional orchards to modern plantations, Jamun continues to be a beloved fruit, merging health, culture, and taste in every bite. By promoting sustainable cultivation practices and value-added products, Jamun’s legacy can reach <a href="https://heartfulness.org/magazine/inspiring-and-ethical-businesses" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">global markets</a>, enhancing its importance as a truly Indian superfruit.&nbsp;<figure class="image image_resized" style="width:50%;"><img src="https://cdn-prod-static.heartfulness.org/rich_legacy_taste_health6_77f694aec1.webp" alt="rich-legacy-taste-health6.webp" srcset="https://cdn-prod-static.heartfulness.org/thumbnail_rich_legacy_taste_health6_77f694aec1.webp 215w,https://cdn-prod-static.heartfulness.org/small_rich_legacy_taste_health6_77f694aec1.webp 500w,https://cdn-prod-static.heartfulness.org/medium_rich_legacy_taste_health6_77f694aec1.webp 750w," sizes="100vw"><figcaption>Syzygium alternifolium</figcaption></figure><figure class="image image_resized" style="width:50%;"><img src="https://cdn-prod-static.heartfulness.org/rich_legacy_taste_health5_70f69fae06.webp" alt="rich-legacy-taste-health5.webp" srcset="https://cdn-prod-static.heartfulness.org/thumbnail_rich_legacy_taste_health5_70f69fae06.webp 180w,https://cdn-prod-static.heartfulness.org/small_rich_legacy_taste_health5_70f69fae06.webp 500w,https://cdn-prod-static.heartfulness.org/medium_rich_legacy_taste_health5_70f69fae06.webp 750w," sizes="100vw"><figcaption>Syzygium caryiphyllatum (South Indian plum)</figcaption></figure>